Background: Myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS) encompasses a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem-cell disorders, characterized by ineffective and dysplastic hematopoietic differentiation and variable risk progressed to acute myeloid leukemia. 背景骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)包括一组异质性的克隆性造血干细胞疾病,其特征是无效造血和分化异常以及有向急性髓性白血病转化的风险。